Every dossier, same structure, evidence graded
Each entry states what a compound is, how it is proposed to work, what human and preclinical research exists, what the safety picture looks like, where it stands with regulators in each country, and what remains genuinely unknown.
- Source-linked
- Named reviewers
- Status by country
- Unknowns stated
What the grades mean
- Established
- Supported by substantial human evidence for the stated context.
- Tested, no benefit
- Adequately tested in humans and did not show the claimed benefit. This is knowledge, not missing evidence — a different thing from Insufficient.
- Promising
- Positive human evidence, but limited in scale or replication.
- Preliminary
- Early or exploratory human evidence only.
- Preclinical
- Primarily animal or laboratory evidence. No adequate human data.
- Insufficient
- Evidence is too weak, too small or too inconsistent to judge.
- Safety concern
- Meaningful unresolved safety or regulatory concerns.
Showing 46 of 46 dossiers. Evidence grade describes the strength of the research, not a recommendation to use anything.
Bremelanotide
EstablishedAlso known as PT-141, Vyleesi
Research focus. Melanocortin receptor agonism acting on central sexual arousal pathways rather than vascular function.
Approved therapeuticSexual Health- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 4
USApprovedEUNot approvedINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Gonadorelin
EstablishedAlso known as GnRH, LHRH, Factrel
Research focus. Synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, used diagnostically and to drive pituitary gonadotropin release.
Approved therapeuticHormonal Health- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
USApproved — other indicationEUApproved — other indicationINRestrictedLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Human chorionic gonadotropin
EstablishedAlso known as hCG, Chorionic gonadotropin
Research focus. LH-receptor agonism used in fertility treatment and to maintain gonadal function during androgen therapy.
Approved therapeuticHormonal Health- Human studies
- 2
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 3
USApprovedEUApprovedINApprovedLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Semaglutide
EstablishedAlso known as Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus
Research focus. GLP-1 receptor agonism in type 2 diabetes, weight management and cardiovascular risk.
Approved therapeuticMetabolic Health- Human studies
- 2
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 3
USApprovedEUApprovedINApprovedLast reviewed 28 Jul 2026
Tesamorelin
EstablishedAlso known as Egrifta, TH9507
Research focus. GHRH analogue studied for visceral adipose reduction in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
Approved therapeuticMetabolic HealthMuscle and Recovery- Human studies
- 2
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 3
USApprovedEUNot approvedINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Tirzepatide
EstablishedAlso known as Mounjaro, Zepbound
Research focus. Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonism in type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Approved therapeuticMetabolic Health- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 1
USApprovedEUApprovedINApprovedLast reviewed 20 Jul 2026
AOD-9604
Tested, no benefitAlso known as hGH fragment 176-191, AOD9604
Research focus. A growth-hormone fragment developed for obesity, on the premise of fat loss without growth effects.
Investigational compoundMetabolic Health- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 4
USNot approvedEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 6 Aug 2026
HGH 191AA
Tested, no benefitAlso known as Somatropin, Recombinant human growth hormone, rhGH
Research focus. Recombinant human growth hormone — an approved medicine, sold in this category for uses it was tested for and failed.
Approved therapeuticMuscle and RecoveryHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 5
USApprovedEUApprovedINApprovedLast reviewed 6 Aug 2026
MK-677
Tested, no benefitAlso known as Ibutamoren, Ibutamoren mesylate, MK-0677
Research focus. Orally active non-peptide growth-hormone secretagogue studied in sarcopenia, frailty and hip fracture recovery.
Investigational compoundMuscle and RecoveryHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 2
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 4
USNot approvedEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Cagrilintide
PromisingAlso known as AM833
Research focus. Long-acting amylin analogue studied for weight management, principally in combination with semaglutide.
Investigational compoundMetabolic Health- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnder reviewEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Enclomiphene
PromisingAlso known as Enclomiphene citrate, Androxal
Research focus. Selective oestrogen receptor modulation to raise endogenous testosterone while preserving spermatogenesis.
Investigational compoundHormonal Health- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 3
USNot approvedEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Retatrutide
PromisingAlso known as LY3437943
Research focus. Triple GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonism in obesity and metabolic disease.
Investigational compoundMetabolic Health- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 30 Jul 2026
CJC-1295
PreliminaryAlso known as Modified GRF (1-29), Mod GRF 1-29, CJC-1295 DAC
Research focus. GHRH analogue studied for sustained elevation of growth hormone and IGF-1.
Investigational compoundMuscle and RecoveryHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 3
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Elamipretide (SS-31)
PreliminaryAlso known as SS-31, MTP-131, Bendavia
Research focus. Cardiolipin-targeted mitochondrial protection in primary mitochondrial disease and cardiomyopathy.
Mitochondrial peptideMitochondrial HealthHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 1
USUnder reviewEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 12 Jul 2026
Eloralintide
PreliminaryAlso known as LY3841136
Research focus. A long-acting amylin receptor agonist in clinical development for obesity.
Investigational compoundMetabolic Health- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
GHK-Cu
PreliminaryAlso known as Copper tripeptide-1, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper
Research focus. Copper-binding tripeptide signalling in skin remodelling and wound repair.
Cosmetic / topical peptideSkin and Hair Science- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 1
USListedEUListedINListedLast reviewed 30 Jun 2026
GHRP-6
PreliminaryAlso known as Growth hormone releasing peptide 6
Research focus. Early non-selective growth-hormone secretagogue, used in humans mainly as a pituitary provocation agent for diagnostic testing rather than as a treatment.
Investigational compoundMuscle and Recovery- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Hexarelin
PreliminaryAlso known as Examorelin
Research focus. Potent growth-hormone secretagogue, also studied for cardiac effects independent of growth hormone.
Investigational compoundMuscle and RecoveryHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Ipamorelin
PreliminaryAlso known as NNC 26-0161
Research focus. Selective ghrelin receptor agonism for growth-hormone release without the cortisol and prolactin rise of older secretagogues.
Investigational compoundMuscle and RecoveryHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Kisspeptin
PreliminaryAlso known as Metastin, KISS1, Kisspeptin-54, Kisspeptin-10
Research focus. Upstream regulation of GnRH release, studied in reproductive endocrinology and in brain responses to sexual stimuli.
Signalling peptideHormonal HealthSexual Health- Human studies
- 2
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Selank
PreliminaryAlso known as Tuftsin analogue, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro
Research focus. A tuftsin analogue used clinically in Russia for anxiety disorders.
Approved therapeuticBrain and Cognition- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
RUApprovedUSUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
Semax
PreliminaryAlso known as ACTH(4-10) analogue, Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro
Research focus. A melanocortin fragment analogue used clinically in Russia for cerebrovascular and cognitive indications.
Approved therapeuticBrain and Cognition- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
RUApprovedUSUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
Thymosin Alpha-1
PreliminaryAlso known as Tα1, Thymalfasin, Zadaxin
Research focus. Immunomodulation, principally in chronic hepatitis B.
Approved therapeuticHormonal Health- Human studies
- 2
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
USNot approvedEUApproved — other indicationINRestrictedLast reviewed 6 Aug 2026
5-Amino-1MQ
PreclinicalAlso known as 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium
Research focus. A small-molecule NNMT inhibitor studied in mouse models of obesity.
Not a peptideMetabolic Health- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 3
USNot approvedEUNot approvedINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 6 Aug 2026
BPC-157
PreclinicalAlso known as Body Protection Compound 157, PL 14736
Research focus. Tissue-repair signalling in tendon, muscle and gastrointestinal models.
Investigational compoundMuscle and RecoveryPeptide Science- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 2
- Safety signals
- 2
USNot approvedEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 31 Jul 2026
KPV
PreclinicalAlso known as Lys-Pro-Val, α-MSH(11-13)
Research focus. The C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH, studied for anti-inflammatory activity.
Signalling peptidePeptide ScienceSkin and Hair Science- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnder considerationEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
MOTS-c
PreclinicalAlso known as Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c
Research focus. Mitochondrial-derived peptide signalling in metabolic regulation and exercise physiology.
Mitochondrial peptideMitochondrial HealthMetabolic HealthHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 1
USNot approvedEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 18 Jul 2026
SLU-PP-332
PreclinicalAlso known as ERR agonist
Research focus. A small-molecule ERR agonist described as an exercise mimetic.
Not a peptideMetabolic HealthMitochondrial Health- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
TB-500
PreclinicalAlso known as Thymosin beta-4 fragment, TB4 fragment
Research focus. Actin-sequestering peptide fragment studied in wound healing and tissue repair models.
Investigational compoundMuscle and RecoveryPeptide Science- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 2
- Safety signals
- 3
USNot approvedEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
Cardiogen
InsufficientAlso known as Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg
Research focus. A short peptide from the Khavinson bioregulator tradition, associated with cardiac tissue.
Signalling peptideHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 2
RUListedUSUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 27 Sept 2026
Cartalax
InsufficientAlso known as Ala-Glu-Asp
Research focus. A short peptide from the Khavinson bioregulator tradition, associated with cartilage and connective tissue.
Signalling peptideHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 2
RUListedUSUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 27 Sept 2026
DSIP
InsufficientAlso known as Delta sleep-inducing peptide, Emideltide
Research focus. A nonapeptide identified in sleep research, studied for sleep and stress responses.
Signalling peptideSleep and Circadian Biology- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
RUListedUSUnder considerationEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
Epitalon
InsufficientAlso known as Epithalon, AEDG peptide
Research focus. A short peptide from the Khavinson bioregulator tradition, studied in pineal regulation and ageing.
Investigational compoundHealthy AgingSleep and Circadian Biology- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 1
RUListedUSNot approvedEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 20 Sept 2026
GHRP-2
InsufficientAlso known as Pralmorelin, KP-102
Research focus. Non-selective growth-hormone secretagogue. Its best-evidenced human uses are diagnostic testing of pituitary reserve and, separately, stimulation of appetite.
Investigational compoundMuscle and RecoveryMetabolic Health- Human studies
- 5
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 3
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalJPRecommendedLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026
KLOW
InsufficientAlso known as KLOW blend
Research focus. A multi-compound blend combining several research peptides in one vial.
Investigational compoundMuscle and RecoverySkin and Hair Science- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 3
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
N-Acetyl Selank
InsufficientAlso known as NA-Selank, N-Acetyl Selank Amidate
Research focus. An acetylated variant of Selank sold on the research market.
Investigational compoundBrain and Cognition- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 1
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalRUUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
N-Acetyl Semax
InsufficientAlso known as NA-Semax, N-Acetyl Semax Amidate, NASA
Research focus. An acetylated variant of Semax sold on the research market.
Investigational compoundBrain and Cognition- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 1
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalRUUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
NAD+
InsufficientAlso known as Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NMN, NR
Research focus. A coenzyme central to cellular energy metabolism, sold injectably and as oral precursors.
Not a peptideMitochondrial HealthHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 3
USListedEUNot approvedINNot approvedLast reviewed 6 Aug 2026
Pinealon
InsufficientAlso known as Glu-Asp-Arg
Research focus. A short peptide from the Khavinson bioregulator tradition, associated with brain tissue.
Signalling peptideHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 2
RUListedUSUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 27 Sept 2026
Testagen
InsufficientAlso known as Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly
Research focus. A short peptide from the Khavinson bioregulator tradition, associated with testicular tissue.
Signalling peptideHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 2
RUListedUSUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 27 Sept 2026
Thymulin
InsufficientAlso known as Zinc-thymulin, Facteur thymique sérique, FTS
Research focus. A zinc-dependent thymic hormone studied for immune modulation.
Signalling peptideHormonal Health- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 1
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
Vesugen
InsufficientAlso known as Lys-Glu-Asp
Research focus. A short peptide from the Khavinson bioregulator tradition, associated with vascular tissue.
Signalling peptideHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 1
- Safety signals
- 2
RUListedUSUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 27 Sept 2026
VIP
InsufficientAlso known as Vasoactive intestinal peptide, Aviptadil (synthetic form)
Research focus. An endogenous signalling peptide with wide physiological roles, developed pharmaceutically as aviptadil.
Signalling peptidePeptide ScienceHormonal Health- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 2
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
Glutathione
Safety concernAlso known as GSH, Reduced glutathione, γ-Glu-Cys-Gly
Research focus. The body's principal intracellular antioxidant tripeptide, sold for injection and infusion.
Not a peptideHealthy Aging- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 3
USNot approvedEUNot approvedINRestrictedLast reviewed 11 Aug 2026
IGF-1 LR3
Safety concernAlso known as Long R3 IGF-1, LR3
Research focus. A cell-culture reagent version of IGF-1, engineered to evade binding proteins.
Investigational compoundMuscle and Recovery- Human studies
- 0
- Preclinical
- 2
- Safety signals
- 4
USUnapproved / investigationalEUUnapproved / investigationalINUnapproved / investigationalLast reviewed 6 Aug 2026
Melanotan II
Safety concernAlso known as MT-2, MT-II
Research focus. Non-selective melanocortin agonism, originally studied for photoprotection through melanogenesis.
Investigational compoundSexual HealthSkin and Hair Science- Human studies
- 1
- Preclinical
- 0
- Safety signals
- 4
USNot approvedEUNot approvedINUnapproved / investigationalUKNot approvedAUNot approvedLast reviewed 5 Aug 2026